Anchor Types Used in Externally Bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (EBFRP) Strengthening Systems
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Figure Description:
This figure illustrates a variety of anchor types used in Externally Bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (EBFRP) strengthening systems, each designed to enhance the bond performance and prevent premature debonding between FRP laminates and the concrete substrate. The anchor types shown represent both mechanical and composite-based solutions commonly used in structural retrofitting:
- Fan Anchor: Spreads the FRP fibers outward into a fan shape at the anchor zone, improving mechanical interlock and distributing stresses over a larger area.
- Spike Anchor (or Rope Anchor): A bundle of FRP or fiber rope inserted into pre-drilled holes and bonded with adhesive; provides deep penetration anchorage.
- L-Bent Anchor: FRP strips or rods bent at a right angle and embedded into adjacent concrete surfaces to develop tension anchorage through bearing.
- Surface-Bonded Anchor: Fibers bonded to the surface and wrapped over an edge or into a groove, often used when drilling into the structure is restricted.
- Through-Section Anchor: Anchors that pass through the entire thickness of a structural element and are bonded on both ends, used in high-performance retrofit applications.
Each anchor type serves specific structural roles and is selected based on the geometry of the element, the direction of applied loads, and the target failure mechanism being mitigated.
