Spatially detail urban carbon mapping: Integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches

The objective of this study is estimating carbon emissions in the building and transportation sectors in the Sumida ward, Tokyo. We combine top-down and bottom-up approaches, which use spatial big data, for the estimating. The estimated emissions from individual buildings and road links are visualized by a three-dimensional (3D) mapping. The results suggest the usefulness of our approach for visualizing urban carbon emissions for supporting community-level carbon monitoring and management.